How is intellectual disability defined?

• A. A disability characterized by limitations in social skills
• B. A disability characterized by limitations in academic achievement
• C. A disability characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior
• D. A learning disorder with specific cognitive deficits

Answer: (C)

Intellectual disability is defined as a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. Intellectual functioning is typically assessed using standardized testing and refers to cognitive abilities such as reasoning, problem-solving, and learning. Adaptive behavior encompasses the skills needed to live independently and includes areas such as communication, self-care, and social skills.

This definition emphasizes that intellectual disability is not simply about low academic achievement or social skills; it involves a broad range of cognitive and practical capabilities. It recognizes that individuals with intellectual disabilities may face challenges across multiple domains, not limited to academic performance, but also including their ability to adapt to everyday life situations.

The other options may describe aspects related to disabilities, but they do not capture the comprehensive nature of intellectual disability as defined by limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.